Which Dynasty First Introduced Civil Service Examinations
THE HISTORY OF Civil SERVICE
The use of competitive examinations to select civil officials was begun in Communist china during the Han dynasty (206 BC � 220 AD). In the West, still, selection of civil administrators and staff on the basis of merit examinations is a afterwards development. The Roman Empire, for instance, seems to have recruited and promoted officials largely on the basis of custom and the judgment of superiors.
The establishment of the modern civil service is closely associated with the decline of feudalism and the growth of nation states that were centrally governed. In Prussia, every bit early on as the mid-17th Century, Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, created an efficient civil administration staffed by ceremonious servants chosen on a competitive basis. In France similar reforms preceded the Revolution and were the ground for the Napoleonic reforms that transformed the regal service into the civil service. Development of a professional civil service came several decades afterward in Great U.k. and the The states, who both separately established the notion of a politically contained civil service in the mid to late 19thursday Century.
In the 1990s, many ceremonious service departments became agencies, due east.g., Information technology Services Agency (ITSA) and Defence force Evaluation and Inquiry Agency (DERA). It was a Conservative idea whereby the old departments, which were all controlled centrally, were allowed to do their own thing. This meant that different agencies could have different pay scales and recruitment practices. It besides meant that they could start doing work with/for the individual sector as well as regime departments. In the old department-based service, if y'all wanted to change jobs you lot could apply for a transfer to anywhere in the civil service. So ane week y'all could be getting abuse from a benefit claimant in Sheffield and the next you lot could be counting sheep in Cornwall. Now, because the agencies are all independent, you can simply use for a job in the same agency. What information technology also allowed the agencies to do was outsource a lot of their work to private companies. This led to a foreign situation where erstwhile colleagues could non buy each other a beverage without declaring it in a hospitality log to avoid accusations of undue influence. At the time these changes were deeply unpopular. It was seen as the kickoff of a process whereby all the perks of working in the civil service east.chiliad., job security, decent pension, flexible working practices (which were compensation for the insufficiently low bacon) were slowly being eroded simply without whatever increase in pay. The reforms were in departments which weren't directly involved with drawing up legislation (i.e., the Department of Merchandise and Industry), but to departments which concerned the implementation of law or the execution of services.
Since the devolution of ability over Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales in the late nineties, civil service departments in each area at present have a greater degree of responsibility and no longer report to ministers in Whitehall, but ministers in each principality. Therefore, the civil service isn't every bit centralized equally it used to be, except over sure matters, such every bit defense, which is still controlled by Westminster.
one) Where was the use of competitive examinations to select civil officials begun?
a) China
b) the West
c) the Roman Empire
2) What is the establishment of the modernistic ceremonious service associated with?
a) reject of slavery
b) decline of feudalism
c) decline of national states
3) What departments did the reforms in U.k. touch upon?
a) agencies
b) civil service departments
c) authorities departments
4) In what European land was ceremonious service established first?
a) Great United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland
b) The USA
c) France
5) Where is the civil service centralized?
a) defence
b) prosecution
c) investigation
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5) to outsource
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6.���������� ����� The History of Civil Service ��� ���. ���������� ����� �� ����������� �������� �������� (T) ��� ������ (F). �������� �������� �������
| T | F | |
| i) In the Roman Empire ceremonious service was based on traditions. | ||
| 2) The establishment of the modern civil service is closely associated with reforms. | ||
| 3) Since the 1990s a lot of ceremonious service departments have different pay scales and recruitment practices. | ||
| 4) Civil servants can apply for a task in the same bureau. | ||
| 5) Civil service departments report to ministers in Whitehall. |
7. ��������� �������� �� ������� � ������ The History of Civil Service
1) How did the Roman Empire recruit and promote officials?
two) How could a civil servant change a job?
iii) Is the civil service in Slap-up Uk centralized?
4) What criteria of selecting civil servants do y'all like about?
5) Why did a lot of civil services become agencies?
half dozen) Is civil service in Russia centralized?
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Source: https://lektsii.org/1-75871.html
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